摘(zhai)要：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)技術是(shi)分(fen)子生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學研(yan)究(jiu)不(bu)可缺(que)少的重(zhong)要分(fen)析手段。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一般分(fen)為(wei)自由(you)界面(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和區帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩大(da)類(lei)(lei)，自由(you)界面(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)需支持(chi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，如等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聚焦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、等速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、密(mi)度梯(ti)度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及顯微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等，這(zhe)(zhe)類(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)目前(qian)已很少使(shi)用。而區帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)則(ze)需用各種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)型的物(wu)(wu)(wu)質作為(wei)支持(chi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，常(chang)用的支持(chi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有濾(lv)紙、醋酸纖維(wei)薄膜、非凝(ning)膠性支持(chi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、凝(ning)膠性支持(chi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)及硅膠-G薄層等，分(fen)子生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學領(ling)域中最常(chang)用的是(shi)瓊脂(zhi)糖凝(ning)膠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。所謂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，是(shi)指帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中的運動，不(bu)同(tong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質由(you)于所帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷及分(fen)子量(liang)的不(bu)同(tong)，因此在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中運動速度不(bu)同(tong)，根據這(zhe)(zhe)一特(te)征，應用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)便(bian)可以對不(bu)同(tong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質進(jin)行定性或(huo)定量(liang)分(fen)析，或(huo)將一定混合物(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)行組份分(fen)析或(huo)單個(ge)組份提取制備，這(zhe)(zhe)在臨床檢驗(yan)或(huo)實驗(yan)研(yan)究(jiu)中具(ju)有極其重(zhong)要的意義。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)儀正是(shi)基(ji)于上(shang)述原理設計制造的。下面(mian)簡單介紹(shao)其使(shi)用方法(fa)(fa)及注意事項

使用方法：

1.首先用導線(xian)將(jiang)電(dian)泳槽的(de)兩(liang)個電(dian)極與電(dian)泳儀的(de)直流輸(shu)出端(duan)聯接(jie)，注意極性不要接(jie)反。

2.電(dian)泳(yong)儀電(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)關調至關的位(wei)置，電(dian)壓旋鈕轉到最小，根(gen)據工作(zuo)需要選擇穩壓穩流方式(shi)及(ji)電(dian)壓電(dian)流范圍(wei)。

3.接通電(dian)源，緩(huan)緩(huan)旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)壓調(diao)節鈕直到達到的所需電(dian)壓為止，設定電(dian)泳(yong)終止時間(jian)，此時電(dian)泳(yong)即(ji)開(kai)始進行。

 4.工作完畢后，應將各(ge)旋鈕、開關旋至零位或關閉狀(zhuang)態，并撥(bo)出(chu)電泳插頭。

注意事項：

1.電泳儀(yi)通電進(jin)入工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態后(hou)，禁止(zhi)人體(ti)接觸(chu)電極、電泳物及其它可能帶電部分，也不能到電泳槽內取(qu)放東(dong)西，如(ru)需要應先斷電，以(yi)免(mian)觸(chu)電。同時(shi)要求儀(yi)器必(bi)須(xu)有良好(hao)接地端，以(yi)防漏(lou)電。

2.儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)通電后，不要臨(lin)時增加(jia)或(huo)撥除輸出導線插頭，以防(fang)短路(lu)現象發(fa)生，雖然儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)內(nei)部(bu)附設(she)有保險絲，但短路(lu)現象仍有可能導致儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)損壞(huai)。

3.由于(yu)不(bu)同(tong)介質(zhi)支持(chi)物(wu)的(de)電阻值不(bu)同(tong)，電泳(yong)時所通過的(de)電流量也不(bu)同(tong)，其泳(yong)動速度及泳(yong)至終點所需時間也不(bu)同(tong)，故不(bu)同(tong)介質(zhi)支持(chi)物(wu)的(de)電泳(yong)不(bu)要同(tong)時在同(tong)一電泳(yong)儀上進(jin)行。

4.在總電(dian)流不(bu)超過(guo)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)額定電(dian)流時(最(zui)大(da)電(dian)流范圍)，可以多槽關聯使用，但要(yao)注意不(bu)能(neng)超載，否(fou)則容易影響(xiang)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)壽命。

5.某(mou)些特殊情況下(xia)需檢查(cha)儀器電泳(yong)輸入情況時(shi)，允許在穩壓(ya)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下(xia)空(kong)載開機，但在穩流狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下(xia)必須(xu)先接好(hao)負載再開機，否則電壓(ya)表指(zhi)針將(jiang)大幅(fu)度跳動(dong)，容(rong)易造成不必要的(de)人為機器損壞。

6.使用過程中發現(xian)異常(chang)現(xian)象，如較(jiao)大噪音、放電或異常(chang)氣(qi)味(wei)，須立即切(qie)斷(duan)電源(yuan)，進(jin)行檢(jian)修，以免發生(sheng)意外事故。