紫(zi)外(wai)可(ke)見分光(guang)光(guang)度計是基于紫外可見分光光度法原理，利用物質分子對紫外可見光譜區的輻射吸收來進行分析的一種分析儀器。主要由光源、單色器、吸收池、檢測器和信號處理器等部件組成。光源的功能是提供足夠強度的、穩定的連續光譜。紫外光區通常用氫燈或氘燈.見光(guang)(guang)區通(tong)常用(yong)鎢燈(deng)(deng)或鹵鎢燈(deng)(deng)。單(dan)色(se)(se)器(qi)的(de)(de)功能是(shi)將光(guang)(guang)源發出的(de)(de)復合光(guang)(guang)分(fen)解并(bing)從中分(fen)出所需波長的(de)(de)單(dan)色(se)(se)光(guang)(guang)。色(se)(se)散(san)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)有(you)棱鏡和光(guang)(guang)柵兩(liang)種。可見光(guang)(guang)區的(de)(de)測量(liang)用(yong)玻(bo)璃吸收池(chi)，紫外光(guang)(guang)區的(de)(de)測量(liang)須用(yong)石英吸收池(chi)。檢測器(qi)的(de)(de)功能是(shi)通(tong)過光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)檢測透過光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)強度，將光(guang)(guang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)轉變(bian)成電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)有(you)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)管、光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)倍增管及光(guang)(guang)二極管陣(zhen)列檢測器(qi)。

        所(suo)謂適(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)，就是(shi)紫(zi)外可(ke)見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)計(ji)(ji)能滿(man)足(zu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du)。紫(zi)外可(ke)見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)計(ji)(ji)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)的(de)(de)主要(yao)內容(rong)是(shi)由技(ji)術指(zhi)標(biao)所(suo)決定的(de)(de)。考慮適(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則應該是(shi)：能滿(man)足(zu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)要(yao)求(qiu)，不(bu)必(bi)苛求(qiu)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)紫(zi)外可(ke)見分(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)計(ji)(ji)對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)試(shi)樣進行比(bi)對(dui)測試(shi)時(shi)，儀器的(de)(de)波長(chang)準確(que)度(du)很重(zhong)要(yao)。但在一般的(de)(de)定量(liang)相(xiang)對(dui)測量(liang)時(shi)，儀器的(de)(de)波長(chang)準確(que)度(du)就不(bu)是(shi)很重(zhong)要(yao)。又如波長(chang)重(zhong)復(fu)性(xing)，在發表文章時(shi)很重(zhong)要(yao)，因(yin)為，人家如果重(zhong)復(fu)不(bu)了你的(de)(de)數據(ju)(ju)，有(you)時(shi)甚至你自(zi)己(ji)也重(zhong)復(fu)不(bu)了你自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)數據(ju)(ju)是(shi)不(bu)行的(de)(de)。

        還有雜(za)散(san)光(guang)，在(zai)(zai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)較多(duo)、濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)較大時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)。因為，它(ta)限制(zhi)被分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)上(shang)限。當雜(za)散(san)光(guang)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)，被測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)越大，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)據(ju)偏(pian)離(li)比耳(er)定(ding)(ding)(ding)律的(de)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)就(jiu)越大。所(suo)以，在(zai)(zai)所(suo)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)誤(wu)(wu)差一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)，被分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)上(shang)限就(jiu)會(hui)受到限制(zhi)。因此，在(zai)(zai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品種較多(duo)的(de)食品、農業(ye)等(deng)領域挑選(xuan)紫外可(ke)見分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計時(shi)(shi)，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)注意挑選(xuan)雜(za)散(san)光(guang)小(xiao)的(de)儀器(qi)。又如光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，它(ta)也是分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)誤(wu)(wu)差的(de)主要(yao)(yao)來源，且限制(zhi)被分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)下限。在(zai)(zai)儀器(qi)的(de)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)，被分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)越低，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)誤(wu)(wu)差就(jiu)越大。在(zai)(zai)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)誤(wu)(wu)差一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)，被分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)下限就(jiu)會(hui)受到限制(zhi)。因此，生化、海(hai)洋等(deng)領域的(de)科技(ji)工作(zuo)者挑選(xuan)紫外可(ke)見分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)光(guang)光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)計，就(jiu)應特別重(zhong)視(shi)光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，要(yao)(yao)挑選(xuan)光(guang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)的(de)儀器(qi)。

        制藥行(xing)業挑(tiao)選(xuan)紫外可(ke)(ke)見(jian)分光(guang)光(guang)度(du)計，就一定(ding)要(yao)注(zhu)重對光(guang)譜帶寬的(de)(de)挑(tiao)選(xuan)。我國和世界各(ge)國的(de)(de)藥典都明文規定(ding)，用于(yu)藥檢的(de)(de)紫外可(ke)(ke)見(jian)分光(guang)光(guang)度(du)計，其(qi)光(guang)譜帶寬要(yao)求為2nm以下。固定(ding)光(guang)譜帶(dai)寬的儀器不適(shi)用(yong)于制藥行(xing)業使用(yong)。應(ying)該挑選(xuan)(xuan)可(ke)調(diao)光(guang)譜帶(dai)寬的儀器。科研工作(zuo)也應(ying)考慮選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)光(guang)譜帶(dai)寬可(ke)調(diao)的儀器。

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