氣體分(fen)析(xi)儀器是測量氣體成分的流程分析儀表。在很多生產過程中，特別是在存在化學反應的生產過程中，僅僅根據溫度、壓力、流量等物理參數進行自動控制常常是不夠的。由于被分析氣體的千差萬別和分析原理的多種多樣，氣體分析儀器的種類繁多。常用的有熱導式氣體分析儀器、電化學式氣體分析儀器和紅外線吸收式分析儀等。

        氣(qi)體分析儀根據不(bu)同(tong)氣(qi)體的導(dao)熱(re)(re)能力原理，測定混(hun)合氣(qi)體的導(dao)熱(re)(re)系數(shu)，推(tui)算(suan)其(qi)中一部分的含量。氣(qi)體分析儀簡單可(ke)靠(kao)，適用氣(qi)體種類多(duo)，是基本(ben)分析儀。

     ;   以紅外(wai)氣體分(fen)析(xi)儀為例，說明氣體分(fen)析(xi)儀的(de)原理:測(ce)(ce)量(liang)該吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)譜可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)判別(bie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)強度(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)確定(ding)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)分(fen)(fen)析儀使(shi)用(yong)(yong)范圍廣，不僅可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)析氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)，還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)析溶液成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)，靈敏(min)度(du)(du)高(gao)，反應快，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)連續指示，還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)構成(cheng)(cheng)調節系(xi)統。工業(ye)上常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)分(fen)(fen)析儀的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)由兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)并列結構相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)學系(xi)統組成(cheng)(cheng)。一(yi)個(ge)(ge)是測(ce)(ce)量(liang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，一(yi)個(ge)(ge)是參與(yu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)切光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)板在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)周(zhou)期(qi)內(nei)同(tong)時(shi)或交替開閉光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)路(lu)。在(zai)(zai)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)引入被(bei)測(ce)(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)后，被(bei)測(ce)(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)特(te)有波長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)被(bei)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)路(lu)進入紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)減少(shao)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)濃度(du)(du)越(yue)(yue)高(gao)，進入紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)越(yue)(yue)少(shao)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)參考(kao)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)是一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，進入紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)也(ye)是一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)。因此，被(bei)測(ce)(ce)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濃度(du)(du)越(yue)(yue)高(gao)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)和參與(yu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)差(cha)距越(yue)(yue)大。該光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)差(cha)值以(yi)(yi)一(yi)定(ding)周(zhou)期(qi)振動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)振幅投射(she)到紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。接(jie)收(shou)(shou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)幾微米(mi)厚的(de)(de)(de)金屬薄(bo)膜分(fen)(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)兩(liang)半，室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)密封有濃度(du)(du)大的(de)(de)(de)被(bei)測(ce)(ce)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)波長(chang)范圍內(nei)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)所有注射(she)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)，使(shi)脈(mo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)變成(cheng)(cheng)溫度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)期(qi)變化(hua)，根據氣(qi)(qi)(qi)態方程將溫度(du)(du)變化(hua)變成(cheng)(cheng)壓力變化(hua)，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)容式(shi)(shi)之外(wai)(wai)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)直接(jie)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)量(liang)子(zi)式(shi)(shi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)感器這(zhe)種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)析儀只(zhi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)感器就能(neng)完成(cheng)(cheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)濃度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)。此外(wai)(wai)，若采用(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)有多個(ge)(ge)不同(tong)波長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)濾光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)盤，則能(neng)同(tong)時(shi)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)多組分(fen)(fen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)中的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)。

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