摘要(yao)(yao)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)技術是分(fen)子(zi)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學研究不(bu)(bu)(bu)可缺少的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)分(fen)析(xi)手段。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)一般分(fen)為(wei)自由界(jie)面(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)和區帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)兩大類(lei)，自由界(jie)面(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)支(zhi)持物(wu)(wu)(wu)，如等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聚焦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)、等(deng)(deng)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)、密度梯度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)及(ji)顯微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)，這(zhe)類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)目前已很少使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。而區帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)則(ze)需(xu)用(yong)各種類(lei)型的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)作為(wei)支(zhi)持物(wu)(wu)(wu)，常用(yong)的(de)(de)支(zhi)持物(wu)(wu)(wu)有濾紙(zhi)、醋酸纖維(wei)薄膜、非凝(ning)膠(jiao)性支(zhi)持物(wu)(wu)(wu)、凝(ning)膠(jiao)性支(zhi)持物(wu)(wu)(wu)及(ji)硅膠(jiao)-G薄層等(deng)(deng)，分(fen)子(zi)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學領(ling)域中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)常用(yong)的(de)(de)是瓊脂糖(tang)凝(ning)膠(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)。所(suo)謂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)，是指(zhi)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)運動，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)由于所(suo)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)及(ji)分(fen)子(zi)量的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，因此在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)運動速度不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，根據這(zhe)一特征，應(ying)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)法(fa)便可以對不(bu)(bu)(bu)同物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)進行定性或(huo)定量分(fen)析(xi)，或(huo)將(jiang)一定混合物(wu)(wu)(wu)進行組(zu)(zu)份(fen)(fen)分(fen)析(xi)或(huo)單個組(zu)(zu)份(fen)(fen)提取制(zhi)(zhi)備，這(zhe)在臨(lin)床檢驗或(huo)實驗研究中(zhong)(zhong)具有極其(qi)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)意義。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)儀正是基于上述(shu)原理設(she)計制(zhi)(zhi)造的(de)(de)。下面(mian)簡單介(jie)紹其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)方法(fa)及(ji)注意事項

使用方法：

1.首先(xian)用導線將電泳(yong)槽(cao)的兩(liang)個電極與電泳(yong)儀的直流輸出端聯接(jie)，注意極性不(bu)要接(jie)反。

2.電(dian)泳儀電(dian)源開關調至關的位(wei)置，電(dian)壓旋鈕轉到(dao)最小(xiao)，根據(ju)工作(zuo)需(xu)要選(xuan)擇穩壓穩流方(fang)式及(ji)電(dian)壓電(dian)流范圍。

3.接(jie)通(tong)電源，緩緩旋轉(zhuan)電壓(ya)(ya)調節鈕直到達到的所需電壓(ya)(ya)為止，設定電泳終止時間，此時電泳即(ji)開始進(jin)行。

4.工作完畢(bi)后，應將各旋鈕、開關(guan)(guan)旋至零位或關(guan)(guan)閉狀態，并撥(bo)出(chu)電泳插頭。

注意事項：

1.電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)儀通電(dian)進(jin)入工作狀(zhuang)態后，禁止人體(ti)接觸電(dian)極、電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)物及其它可(ke)能帶電(dian)部分，也不能到電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽內取放東西，如需要(yao)應先(xian)斷(duan)電(dian)，以(yi)(yi)免觸電(dian)。同(tong)時要(yao)求儀器必須有良好接地端，以(yi)(yi)防漏電(dian)。

2.儀(yi)器(qi)通電后，不要(yao)臨時增(zeng)加或(huo)撥除輸出導線(xian)插頭，以(yi)防(fang)短(duan)路現象發生，雖然儀(yi)器(qi)內部附設有(you)(you)保險絲，但短(duan)路現象仍(reng)有(you)(you)可能導致儀(yi)器(qi)損壞。

3.由于不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)介質支持物的電阻值不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，電泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)所通過的電流量也不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，其泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)動速度及泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)至終點所需時(shi)間(jian)也不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)介質支持物的電泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)要同(tong)(tong)時(shi)在同(tong)(tong)一電泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)儀上進行。

4.在總電(dian)流不(bu)超(chao)過儀器額定電(dian)流時(最大電(dian)流范(fan)圍)，可以多槽(cao)關聯使用(yong)，但要注(zhu)意不(bu)能超(chao)載，否則容易影響(xiang)儀器壽命。

5.某些特殊情(qing)況下需檢(jian)查儀器電泳輸入情(qing)況時，允許在穩壓狀(zhuang)態(tai)下空載(zai)開機(ji)(ji)，但(dan)在穩流(liu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下必須先接好負載(zai)再開機(ji)(ji)，否則電壓表指(zhi)針將大幅度(du)跳動，容(rong)易造成不必要的人為機(ji)(ji)器損壞。

6.使用(yong)過程中發現異(yi)常現象，如較大噪音、放電(dian)或異(yi)常氣味，須立即切斷電(dian)源，進行檢修(xiu)，以(yi)免(mian)發生意外事故(gu)。