1、環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備(bei)偏(pian)差(cha)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)標準(zhun)(zhun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)工(gong)作原理環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備(bei)偏(pian)差(cha)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)標準(zhun)(zhun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)實(shi)時(shi)在(zai)線性測(ce)(ce)量(liang)，并能(neng)同時(shi)多(duo)路自動采集鉑電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)感應信號，是校準(zhun)(zhun)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備(bei)最先進(jin)、最方便、最實(shi)用的(de)計(ji)(ji)量(liang)校準(zhun)(zhun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。本(ben)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備(bei)標準(zhun)(zhun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)是基(ji)于(yu)KEITHLEY的(de)2701多(duo)路數(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集系(xi)統，主要針對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備(bei)的(de)校準(zhun)(zhun)，具有中(zhong)文操(cao)作界(jie)面(mian)、兼容各(ge)種(zhong)常(chang)見(jian)接(jie)口(kou)連接(jie)方式、兼容2700/2701各(ge)種(zhong)模塊、能(neng)實(shi)現對(dui)溫度(du)(du)(du)/相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)/電(dian)壓輸出傳感器等(deng)參數(shu)(shu)進(jin)行高(gao)精度(du)(du)(du)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)的(de)特點，軟件(jian)帶有計(ji)(ji)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)參數(shu)(shu)自動計(ji)(ji)算、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)存儲(chu)與(yu)分析、文件(jian)分割(ge)等(deng)實(shi)用工(gong)具。軟件(jian)中(zhong)的(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)參數(shu)(shu)自動計(ji)(ji)算依據(ju)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設備(bei)溫度(du)(du)(du)、濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)校準(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)范(fan)。本(ben)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)嚴格遵(zun)守GB/T2423.4-1993電(dian)工(gong)電(dian)子產品基(ji)本(ben)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規(gui)程、和環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)，標準(zhun)(zhun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)計(ji)(ji)算機多(duo)路數(shu)(shu)據(ju)采集系(xi)統軟件(jian)界(jie)面(mian)圖(tu)如所示。

2、引起環(huan)境(jing)試(shi)驗(yan)設備(bei)偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)測量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)各(ge)種因素本次偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)測量(liang)的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)評定(ding)(ding)以(yi)環(huan)境(jing)試(shi)驗(yan)設備(bei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)HTF323C型(xing)電熱(re)鼓風干燥(zao)箱(xiang)為(wei)例。在(zai)現有條件(jian)下，對(dui)該環(huan)境(jing)試(shi)驗(yan)設備(bei)偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)進行(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)評定(ding)(ding)經分析(xi)，在(zai)環(huan)境(jing)試(shi)驗(yan)設備(bei)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)干燥(zao)箱(xiang)時，偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)來源主要有以(yi)下幾(ji)個(ge)因素偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)測量(liang)引起的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)；）二等標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)鉑電阻引入不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)；）標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)多功能(neng)數字表溫度(du)(du)(du)檔測溫引入的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)；）環(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)引入的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)3.由于校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)環(huan)境(jing)（如溫、濕度(du)(du)(du)）能(neng)滿足(zu)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)規范的(de)要求，在(zai)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)人員(yuan)認真執行(xing)(xing)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)規程(cheng)和操(cao)作規程(cheng)的(de)條件(jian)下，環(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)引入的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)可忽略(lve)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計(ji)。因此僅就其他幾(ji)個(ge)因素引起的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)分別進行(xing)(xing)分析(xi)評定(ding)(ding)。
3環境試驗設備標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)不確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)評定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)3.1偏差測(ce)(ce)量(liang)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)不確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)評定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)工作正(zheng)常情況(kuang)下，采用(yong)直接(jie)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)法測(ce)(ce)量(liang)評定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。環境試驗設備標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)校準(zhun)(zhun)HTF323C型(xing)電熱鼓風干燥(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)，在(zai)干燥(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)恒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)10 0C時進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)(ce)試，9點(dian)連續15次重復測(ce)(ce)量(liang)，其數據見表1.表1重復性測(ce)(ce)量(liang)數據表序號中心點(dian)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)值足/C干燥(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)顯示值/C偏差/々1.：MA1為二(er)(er)等標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)鉑電阻偏差測(ce)(ce)量(liang)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)不確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)，為二(er)(er)等標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)鉑電阻偏差測(ce)(ce)量(liang)修正(zheng)值。偏差測(ce)(ce)量(liang)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)不確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)評定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)ma為A類，按(an)正(zheng)態分布，取置(zhi)信水平九= 95%，查正(zheng)態分布表得(de)々=2，則二(er)(er)等標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)鉑電阻偏差測(ce)(ce)量(liang)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)不確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)MA1/々1=0.14/2=0.07（C）。

3、二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)不(bu)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)的(de)評(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)的(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)評(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)方法(fa)采用(yong)直(zhi)接測(ce)量法(fa)測(ce)量評(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。根據(ju)(ju)中國船(chuan)舶工(gong)(gong)業武漢綜合計(ji)量測(ce)試檢定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)站對二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)檢定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，結果如表2所示，表2二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)檢定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)結果序號修正(zheng)(zheng)值(zhi)(zhi)/C序號修正(zheng)(zheng)值(zhi)(zhi)/C平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)修正(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)aB1，評(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)的(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)。根據(ju)(ju)數(shu)學模型(xing)mb1aB1/々1.：mb1為二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)的(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)，aB1為二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)修正(zheng)(zheng)值(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)的(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)的(de)評(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)：為B類(lei)，二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)修正(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)am 0.09C.按(an)正(zheng)(zheng)態分布(bu)，取置(zhi)信水平(ping)九95%，查正(zheng)(zheng)態分布(bu)表々12.則二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)的(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)wm-心/々=0. 3.3標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)多功(gong)能(neng)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表溫(wen)(wen)度(du)檔(dang)(dang)測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)的(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)的(de)評(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)多功(gong)能(neng)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表溫(wen)(wen)度(du)檔(dang)(dang)測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)引(yin)入(ru)(ru)的(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)采用(yong)直(zhi)接測(ce)量法(fa)測(ce)量評(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)產(chan)品檢測(ce)中心對標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)多功(gong)能(neng)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表溫(wen)(wen)度(du)檔(dang)(dang)檢定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)結果給(gei)出的(de)修正(zheng)(zheng)值(zhi)(zhi)2，評(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)用(yong)多功(gong)能(neng)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)表引(yin)入(ru)(ru)的(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)。

affi/々2，WB2為(wei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)引(yin)(yin)(yin)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，2為(wei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)修(xiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)值。標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)檔測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)引(yin)(yin)(yin)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)W2為(wei)B類。根(gen)據標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)直流(liu)數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)修(xiu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)值2，計算標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)直流(liu)數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)不(bu)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)引(yin)(yin)(yin)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。按(an)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)態(tai)(tai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)取置(zhi)信水(shui)平(ping)九一95%，查正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)態(tai)(tai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)々2 2.則(ze)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)直流(liu)數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)不(bu)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)引(yin)(yin)(yin)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)mB2心2/々2=0.06/2=0.03（C）。3.4標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)上述環(huan)境(jing)試驗(yan)設備(bei)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)評(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)各不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)互獨立。各分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)見(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)3.則(ze)其合(he)成(cheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)根(gen)據公式(shi)環(huan)境(jing)試驗(yan)設備(bei)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.08C.表(biao)(biao)(biao)3合(he)成(cheng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)一覽表(biao)(biao)(biao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來源標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)/C分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)引(yin)(yin)(yin)入(ru)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)態(tai)(tai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)二等(deng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)鉑電阻引(yin)(yin)(yin)入(ru)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)態(tai)(tai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)數字(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)檔測(ce)(ce)溫(wen)引(yin)(yin)(yin)入(ru)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)態(tai)(tai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)3.5擴展(zhan)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)根(gen)據正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)態(tai)(tai)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)，取置(zhi)信水(shui)平(ping)為(wei)95%，=2，則(ze)環(huan)境(jing)試驗(yan)設備(bei)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)擴展(zhan)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)R=是Xuc=0.16°C. 4結(jie)論通過對環(huan)境(jing)試驗(yan)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)現(xian)有條件下的(de)(de)(de)來源進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)析并實(shi)際(ji)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)，對偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)析評(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，評(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)結(jie)果能(neng)(neng)夠全面(mian)反映(ying)環(huan)境(jing)試驗(yan)設備(bei)偏(pian)(pian)差(cha)情況，為(wei)環(huan)境(jing)試驗(yan)設備(bei)量(liang)(liang)值傳(chuan)遞提供(gong)了依據。